Because undivided of the main goal...

Because undivided of the main goals of the inquiry was to investigate the ability of Spanish-English bilingual children to map phoneme and graphemes in Spanish, it was decided to use pseudo-words in addition to real-words, since the former would make it possible to tease without children's ability to map phoneme and graphemes in situations where they had no prior in all senses and could not rely forward visual memory for spelling. Thus, a separate element with 20 pseudo-words was evolveed Of the three categories used in the real-word ingredient of the test, namely, regular words with various patterns, orthographic words, and contrastive words, solitary the last two were included in the pseudo-word section (see Table 3 for the subset of features used in the pseudo-word ingredient of the test). This was done because in the case of invented words, all of the possible spellings of an item with various patterns would have to be considered as valid spellings (eg noyada and nollada), and this would make these items actual easy to spell, when in fact, regular words with various patterns are difficult to interval in Spanish (see, for example, Carbonell de Grompone et al., 1980)